Low Hand Grip Strength, Mid-Upper Arm Muscle Area, Calf Circumference, Serum Albumin Level, and Muscle Fiber Diameter as Risk Factors for Independent Walking Inability in Patients with Hip Fracture 6 Weeks after Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty Surgery.

Background: Bipolar hemiarthroplasty, one of the main treatment modalities for hip fracture, does not always promise the ability to walk independently after surgery. Patients with the same fracture characteristics and comorbidities, implants, and operators may also have different outcomes. Sarcopenia is thought to be one of the causes of the inability to walk independently after this operation; however, it has not been widely studied and is often overlooked. Methods: This study used a case-control design with 23 patients in the case group (patients unable to walk independently) and 23 patients in the control group (patients able to walk independently). Sampling was carried out consecutively according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the medical records of patients with hip fractures after bipolar hemiarthroplasty at our hospital. In the preoperative period, hand grip strength (HGS), mid-upper arm muscle area (MUAMA), calf circumference (CC), serum albumin level, and total lymphocyte count were measured. A muscle biopsy was performed intraoperatively from the gluteus muscle with the amount of 200-350 mg. The patient's walking ability was assessed in the polyclinic using the Timed Up and Go test 6 weeks postoperatively. The statistical tests used were descriptive statistics, proportion comparison analysis with the chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression test. Results: Univariate analysis using chi-square test proved HGS, MUAMA, CC, serum albumin level, and muscle fiber diameter as risk factors for inability to walk independently 6 weeks after bipolar hemiarthroplasty (p = 0.003, p = 0.003, p = 0.006, p = 0.044, and p = 0.000, respectively). Logistic regression test proved 3 direct risk factors for the inability to walk independently 6 weeks after bipolar hemiarthroplasty, namely MUAMA, serum albumin level, and muscle fiber diameter, as the strongest predictive factor (adjusted odds ratio, 63.12). Conclusions: Low MUAMA, serum albumin levels, and muscle fiber diameter are direct risk factors for the inability to walk independently in hip fracture patients 6 weeks after bipolar hemiarthroplasty.

An Arthroscopic Approach for the Intralesional Curettage of Giant Cell Tumor of the Distal Femur: A Case Report.

As a locally aggressive primary benign tumor, giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) presents a challenge to surgeons, as it often recurs regardless of surgical resection. This report describes a case of GCTB of the distal femur in a man, aged 39 years, treated with intralesional curettage through an arthroscopic approach. A 360° view of the tumor cavity can be achieved with the help of an arthroscope, which can help complete intralesional curettage and minimize possible larger approach-related complications. The result is favorable in terms of functional outcome and recurrence after 1-year follow-up.

bcl-2 and p53 as novel biomarkers for predicting malignant transformation in chronic osteomyelitis.

PURPOSE: To find whether B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) and p53 proteins could be used as parameters to detect malignant transformation of chronic osteomyelitis. We also attempted to determine whether they could be used to differentiate between secondary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) resulting from chronic osteomyelitis, and primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Retrospective study was conducted during 5 years period, resulting in 7 patients in each group: secondary squamous cell carcinoma arising from chronic osteomyelitis, primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and chronic osteomyelitis patients. Immunohistochemistry staining with bcl-2 and p53 was performed with the pathologist blinded to the sample groups. RESULTS: Contingency coefficient test was performed to assess the correlation between the biomarker status (bcl-2 and p53) and the case groups. Significant moderate correlations of bcl-2 and p53 were found between groups of chronic osteomyelitis and squamous cell carcinoma arising from chronic osteomyelitis in terms of malignant transformation (p = 0.005 for bcl-2 and p = 0.031 for p53). Insignificant correlations of bcl-2 and p53 expression were found between primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and secondary squamous cell carcinoma arising from chronic osteomyelitis group (p = 0.577). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of bcl-2 and p-53 is significantly correlated with chronic osteomyelitis malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma.

Adjunctive platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid injection after arthroscopic debridement in Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 and 4 knee osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of pain and disability, predominantly affecting the knee. The current management of knee OA falls short of completely stopping disease progression, particularly in Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 3 and 4 knee OA. As such, joint replacement is often recommended, although only 15%-33% of candidates accept it. Alternative therapeutic options are still needed to prevent the progression of joint damage and delay the need for knee arthroplasty. AIM: To investigate the effect of adjunctive platelet rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) after arthroscopic debridement in KL grade 3 and 4 knee OA. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score and WOMAC sub-scores (pain, stiffness, and function) to assess 21 patients, grouped according to medical record data of treatment received: Arthroscopic debridement (n = 7); arthroscopic debridement with PRP (n = 7); or arthroscopic debridement with HA (n = 7). WOMAC scores and sub-scores at baseline and at 3 mo and 5 mo posttreatment were recorded. The three-group data were statistically analyzed using the tests of paired t, one-way analysis of variance, and post hoc least significant difference. RESULTS: All three treatment groups showed significant improvements in WOMAC score and sub-scores from before treatment to 3 mo and 5 mo after treatment. However, the arthroscopic debridement with PRP treatment group, in particular, showed a significantly lower WOMAC pain score than the group who received arthroscopic debridement alone at 5 mo after the procedure (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Compared to arthroscopic debridement alone, adjunctive PRP after arthroscopic debridement significantly lessened the patients' pain symptom.

Arthroscopic debridement for infection after fracture fixation (IAFF) of the ankle: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Infection after fracture fixation (IAFF) is one of the most challenging issues for the lower-middle class socioeconomic. It is also related to unsatisfactory outcome of the treatment. Arthroscopy usually used to treat joint disease, but the evidence of arthroscopic management in IAFF is still limited. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of 54-year-old female with IAFF of the ankle. An arthroscopic debridement and soft tissue release procedure were performed in this patient in one stage because the irrigation and debridement were sufficient. It showed a good result good functional outcome. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The aims of IAFF treatment are to eradicate the infection, promote healing of soft tissue, prevent osteomyelitis, restore the joint function, and fracture consolidation. Arthroscopy in IAFF has been found to be safe and effective. In this case, arthroscopy was done in one stage because the debridement and irrigation were sufficient while the delay of the release would result in further pain and morbidity for the patient. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic debridement with simultaneous release of impingement and stiffness is a novel, safe, and promising option in to eliminate both IAFF and its further complications of the ankle region.

Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of CXCR4 expression in osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis.

Background: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor (CXCR4) is an oncogene that widely studied and associated with worse clinicopathological features and prognosis outcome on many types of cancer. Beside that, significance of CXCR4 expression on clinicopathological features and prognostic on osteosarcoma (OS) require further validation. Aim: We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate association between positive CXCR4 expression with clinicopathological features, and prognosis in OS. Methods: Literature searches on Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science was conducted systematically up to December 2021 to find relevant references. Effect of CXCR4 expression on clinicopathological characteristic and prognostic were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Significance value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: By considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 940 patients from 12 studies were suitable to included in qualitative analysis, and 10 studies were suitable for quantitative analysis. Association between CXCR4 expression and OS clinicopathological features was found significant on metastasis (OR = 4.01, 95%CI = 1.58-10.18; p = 0.003), stage (stage III & IV vs I & II, OR = 6.52, 95%CI = 1.05-40.62; p = 0.04), and tumor primary site (femur/tibia vs other, OR = 1.60, 95%CI = 1.04-2.45; p = 0.03), but not associated with histological type, gender, and age. Furthermore, CXCR4 expression is associated with poor overall survival in OS (HR = 2.13, 95%CI = 1.78-2.55; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of our meta-analysis suggest that CXCR4 expression may be valuable as a histopathological predictor of poor clinicopathological features and prognosis of OS.

Arthroscopic Management of Giant Cell Tumor of the Calcaneus.

Giant cell tumor of the calcaneal bone is a very rare entity and generally seen in the 30 to 40 years age group. We report a case of a 17-year-old male with giant cell tumor of the calcaneus, presented with left heel pain without another obvious physical abnormality. Radiographs showed a lobulated, well-defined, lytic lesion of the calcaneus with narrow transitional zone without periosteal reaction, no extraosseal spread, and no lung metastases. Arthroscopic procedure was done directly for both diagnostic and curative procedures. All soft, grayish lesions were completely removed arthroscopically using direct lateral portals and the suspected reactive zones debrided using high-speed burr and injected with corticosteroid. Histopathology confirmed the suspected diagnosis. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful with immediate pain relief and full weight bearing and movement allowed soon. The patient had no recurrent pain as well as recurrent radiographic lesions, and normal joint mobility 9 months postoperatively. Considering the accessibility of the lesion, giant cell tumor of the calcaneal bone can be successfully treated arthroscopically using direct lateral approach.Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Retrospective, case report.

Tuberculous Osteomyelitis Mimicking a Lytic Bone Tumor: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review.

Tuberculous osteomyelitis is an uncommon form of tuberculosis (TB); the isolated involvement of the wrist joint is particularly rare. The symptoms and clinical manifestation mimic other conditions; hence, careful diagnosis is required. The authors present two cases of patients presenting with soft tissue mass and a lytic bone lesion. The biopsy revealed granulomatous osteomyelitis. Lesion culture identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The authors urge clinicians to include TB as a differential diagnosis when investigating the primary cause of lytic bone lesions, even in the absence of pulmonary symptoms or risk factors of TB infection. The inclusion of mycobacterial cultures when analyzing biopsies of lytic bone lesions is also advised.

Tuberculous Osteomyelitis Mimicking a Lytic Bone Tumor: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review / Osteomielite tuberculosa imitando um tumor ósseo lítico: Relato de dois casos e revisão da literatura

Abstract Tuberculous osteomyelitis is an uncommon form of tuberculosis (TB); the isolated involvement of the wrist joint is particularly rare. The symptoms and clinical manifestation mimic other conditions; hence, careful diagnosis is required. The authors present two cases of patients presenting with soft tissue mass and a lytic bone lesion. The biopsy revealed granulomatous osteomyelitis. Lesion culture identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The authors urge clinicians to include TB as a differential diagnosis when investigating the primary cause of lytic bone lesions, even in the absence of pulmonary symptoms or risk factors of TB infection. The inclusion of mycobacterial cultures when analyzing biopsies of lytic bone lesions is also advised.

Resumo A osteomielite tuberculosa é uma forma incomum de tuberculose (TB) e o acometimento isolado da articulação do punho pelo TB é particularmente raro. Os sintomas e a manifestação clínica imitam outras doenças; portanto, um diagnóstico cuidadoso é necessário. Os autores apresentam dois casos de pacientes com massa nas partes moles e lesão óssea lítica. A biópsia revelou osteomielite granulomatosa. A cultura da lesão identificou Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Os autores recomendam que médicos clínicos incluam a TB como um diagnóstico diferencial da causa primária das lesões ósseas líticas, mesmo na ausência de sintomas pulmonares ou fatores de risco de infecção por TB. A inclusão de culturas micobacterianas na análise de biópsias de lesões ósseas líticas também é recomendada.

Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Surgery on Giant Cell Tumour of the Bone: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Although major reconstructive surgeries in the form of excision and reconstruction have been the mainstay treatment for Giant Cell Tumour (GCT) of the bone, its recurrence rate remains high and poses various morbidities such as implant failure or skin breakdown. Minimal invasive surgery (MIS) techniques, which has gained popularity mostly in other fields in orthopaedic surgery, are being introduced as an alternative to limit the surgical complications while achieving the best possible outcome. Until now, there has been no literature summarising the evidence of MIS outcome in treating GCT of the bone. AIM: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the efficacy of this relatively new treatment. METHODS: We comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to search for studies about MIS for GCT of the bone treatment up to March 1, 2019. The selection of appropriate studies was performed by two independent investigators based on PRISMA guideline. Given the limited number of studies, there was no restriction in terms of patient's demographics, the specific minimally invasive surgical method, and publication status. RESULTS: We found 120 articles from the database. After evaluating full text, 5 articles (16 patients) were found to be eligible. The minimally invasive methods were curettage, cryosurgery, and argon beam coagulator. The visualisation methods include a computer-assisted navigation system, endoscope, otoscope, CT, and MRI. Location of tumours includes axial and long bones. The follow-up period ranges from 7 to 126 months. The functional and oncological outcome was found to be satisfying with no recurrence or complications. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, MIS is a familiar method in orthopaedic surgery with potential expansion in tumour field. The current evidence shows that this approach for GCT results in good functional outcome, with low risk of recurrence.